1. Chapter Overview

This chapter focuses on buffers—solutions that are able to maintain a stable pH even after the addition of acids or bases. A stable pH is essential both for the proper function of enzymes and cells in the human body, and for the reliability of laboratory methods.

In this chapter, we will look at the principle of how buffers work, buffering capacity and the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation, natural buffering systems in the human body, laboratory buffer solutions, and factors that affect their stability.

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